Kubernetes 1.21.5 安装文档 集群信息 节点规划 部署k8s集群的节点按照用途可以划分为如下2类角色:
master :集群的master节点,集群的初始化节点,基础配置不低于2C4G
slave :集群的slave节点,可以多台,基础配置不低于2C4G
本例为了演示slave节点的添加,会部署一台master+2台slave ,节点规划如下:
主机名
节点ip
角色
部署组件
k8s-master
172.21.51.143
master
etcd, kube-apiserver, kube-controller-manager, kubectl, kubeadm, kubelet, kube-proxy, flannel
k8s-slave1
172.21.51.67
slave
kubectl, kubelet, kube-proxy, flannel
k8s-slave2
172.21.51.68
slave
kubectl, kubelet, kube-proxy, flannel
组件版本
组件
版本
说明
CentOS
7.9.2009
Kernel
Linux 3.10.0-1127.10.1.el7.x86_64
etcd
3.4.13-0
使用Pod方式部署,默认数据挂载到本地路径
coredns
1.7.0
kubeadm
v1.21.5
kubectl
v1.21.5
kubelet
v1.21.5
kube-proxy
v1.21.5
flannel
v0.11.0
安装前准备 设置hosts解析 操作节点:所有节点(k8s-master,k8s-slave
)均需执行
修改hostname hostname必须只能包含小写字母、数字、”,”、”-“,且开头结尾必须是小写字母或数字
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 $ hostnamectl set -hostname k8s-master $ hostnamectl set -hostname k8s-slave1 $ hostnamectl set -hostname k8s-slave2
1 2 3 4 5 $ cat >>/etc/hosts<<EOF 172.21 .51 .143 k8s-master172.21 .51 .67 k8s-slave1172.21 .51 .68 k8s-slave2EOF
调整系统配置 操作节点: 所有的master和slave节点(k8s-master,k8s-slave
)需要执行
本章下述操作均以k8s-master为例,其他节点均是相同的操作(ip和hostname的值换成对应机器的真实值)
如果节点间无安全组限制(内网机器间可以任意访问),可以忽略,否则,至少保证如下端口可通: k8s-master节点:TCP:6443,2379,2380,60080,60081UDP协议端口全部打开 k8s-slave节点:UDP协议端口全部打开
1 iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
1 2 3 swapoff -a sed -i '/ swap / s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab
1 2 3 sed -ri 's#(SELINUX=).*#\1disabled#' /etc/selinux/config setenforce 0 systemctl disable firewalld && systemctl stop firewalld
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1 net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 vm.max_map_count=262144 EOF modprobe br_netfilter sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 $ curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/Centos-7.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo $ curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo $ cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo [kubernetes] name=Kubernetes baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64 enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 repo_gpgcheck=0 gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg EOF $ yum clean all && yum makecache
安装docker 操作节点: 所有节点
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 $ yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r $ yum install docker-ce-20.10 .12 -y $ mkdir -p /etc/docker vi /etc/docker/daemon.json { "insecure-registries" : [ "172.21.51.143:5000" ] } $ systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker
初始化集群 安装 kubeadm, kubelet 和 kubectl 操作节点: 所有的master和slave节点(k8s-master,k8s-slave
) 需要执行
1 2 3 4 5 $ yum install -y kubelet-1.21.5 kubeadm-1.21.5 kubectl-1.21.5 --disableexcludes=kubernetes $ kubeadm version $ systemctl enable kubelet
初始化配置文件 操作节点: 只在master节点(k8s-master
)执行
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 $ kubeadm config print init-defaults > kubeadm.yaml $ cat kubeadm.yaml apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2 bootstrapTokens: - groups: - system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef ttl: 24h0m0s usages: - signing - authentication kind: InitConfiguration localAPIEndpoint: advertiseAddress: 172.21 .51 .143 bindPort: 6443 nodeRegistration: criSocket: /var/run/dockershim.sock name: k8s-master taints: null --- apiServer: timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2 certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki clusterName: kubernetes controllerManager: {}dns: type: CoreDNS etcd: local: dataDir: /var/lib/etcd imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers kind: ClusterConfiguration kubernetesVersion: 1.21 .5 networking: dnsDomain: cluster.local podSubnet: 10.244 .0 .0 /16 serviceSubnet: 10.96 .0 .0 /12 scheduler: {}
对于上面的资源清单的文档比较杂,要想完整了解上面的资源对象对应的属性,可以查看对应的 godoc 文档,地址: https://godoc.org/k8s.io/kubernetes/cmd/kubeadm/app/apis/kubeadm/v1beta2。
提前下载镜像 操作节点:只在master节点(k8s-master
)执行
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $ kubeadm config images list --config kubeadm.yaml registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.21 .5 registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.21 .5 registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.21 .5 registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.21 .5 registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.4 .1 registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.4 .13 -0 registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:v1.8 .0 $ kubeadm config images pull --config kubeadm.yaml [config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.21 .5 [config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.21 .5 [config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.21 .5 [config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.21 .5 [config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.4 .1 [config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.4 .13 -0 [config/images] Pulled registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:v1.8 .0
初始化master节点 操作节点:只在master节点(k8s-master
)执行
1 $ kubeadm init --config kubeadm.yaml
若初始化成功后,最后会提示如下信息:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 ... Your Kubernetes master has initialized successfully! To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user: mkdir -p $HOME/.kube sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster. Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/ Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root: kubeadm join 172.21 .51 .143 :6443 --token abcdef.0123456789 abcdef \ --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:1c4305f032f4bf534f628c32f5039084f4b103c922ff71b12a5f0f98d1ca9a4f
接下来按照上述提示信息操作,配置kubectl客户端的认证
1 2 3 mkdir -p $HOME/.kube sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
⚠️注意: 此时使用 kubectl get nodes查看节点应该处于notReady状态,因为还未配置网络插件
若执行初始化过程中出错,根据错误信息调整后,执行kubeadm reset后再次执行init操作即可
添加slave节点到集群中 操作节点:所有的slave节点(k8s-slave
)需要执行 在每台slave节点,执行如下命令,该命令是在kubeadm init成功后提示信息中打印出来的,需要替换成实际init后打印出的命令。
1 2 kubeadm join 172.21 .51 .143 :6443 --token abcdef.0123456789 abcdef \ --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:1c4305f032f4bf534f628c32f5039084f4b103c922ff71b12a5f0f98d1ca9a4f
如果忘记添加命令,可以通过如下命令生成:
1 $ kubeadm token create --print-join-command
安装网络插件 操作节点:只在master节点(k8s-master
)执行,CNI
1 wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
修改配置,指定网卡名称,大概在文件的190行,添加一行配置:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 $ vi kube-flannel.yml ... containers: - name: kube-flannel image: rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel:v0.16.1 command : - /opt/bin/flanneld args: - --ip-masq - --kube-subnet-mgr - --iface=eth0 resources: requests: cpu: "100m" ...
1 2 3 4 $ docker pull rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel:v0.16.1 $ kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
调整证书过期 使用kubeadm安装的集群,证书默认有效期为1年,可以通过如下方式修改为10年。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 $ cd /etc/kubernetes/pki $ for i in $(ls *.crt); do echo "===== $i =====" ; openssl x509 -in $i -text -noout | grep -A 3 'Validity' ; done $ mkdir backup_key; cp -rp ./* backup_key/ $ git clone https://github.com/yuyicai/update-kube-cert.git $ cd update-kube-cert/ $ bash update-kubeadm-cert.sh all $ kubectl -n kube-system delete po kube-apiserver-k8s-master kube-controller-manager-k8s-master kube-scheduler-k8s-master
验证集群 操作节点: 在master节点(k8s-master
)执行
创建测试nginx服务
1 $ kubectl run test-nginx --image=nginx:alpine
查看pod是否创建成功,并访问pod ip测试是否可用
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 $ kubectl get po -o wide NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES test-nginx-5bd8859b98-5nnnw 1/1 Running 0 9s 10.244.1.2 k8s-slave1 <none> <none> $ curl 10.244.1.2 ... <h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1> <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required.</p> <p>For online documentation and support please refer to <a href="http://nginx.org/" >nginx.org</a>.<br/> Commercial support is available at <a href="http://nginx.com/" >nginx.com</a>.</p> <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p> </body> </html>
ingress 部署 安装 官方文档
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 $ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/nginx-0.30.0/deploy/static/mandatory.yaml $ grep -n5 nodeSelector mandatory.yaml 212- spec: 213- hostNetwork: true 214- 215- terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 300 216- serviceAccountName: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount 217: nodeSelector: 218- ingress: "true" 219- containers: 220- - name: nginx-ingress-controller 221- image: quay.io/kubernetes-ingress-controller/nginx-ingress-controller:0.30.0 222- args:
创建ingress
1 2 3 4 $ kubectl label node k8s-slave1 ingress=true $ kubectl apply -f mandatory.yaml
设置kubectl自动补全 操作节点:k8s-master
,方便以后操作
1 2 3 4 $ yum install bash-completion -y $ source /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion $ source <(kubectl completion bash) $ echo "source <(kubectl completion bash)" >> ~/.bashrc